For to the bee a flower is a fountain of life
And to the flower a bee is a messenger of love
And to both, bee and flower,
the giving and the receiving is a need and an ecstasy.
~ Kahlil Gibran
Archive for the ‘Bee Present’ Category
Giving and Receiving
Posted in Bee Law, Bee Lore, Bee Present, Bee-ology, Beetwixt & Beetween on March 29, 2009| Leave a Comment »
How Do Bees Make Honey?
Posted in Bee Present, Beekeeping, Beetwixt & Beetween on March 21, 2009| Leave a Comment »
Firstly, worker bees fly out from the hive in search of nectar-rich flowers. Using its straw-like proboscis, a worker bee drinks the liquid nectar and stores it in a special stomach called the honey stomach. The bee continues to forage, visiting hundreds of flowers, until its honey stomach is full. Within the honey stomach, enzymes break down the complex sugars of the nectar into simpler sugars, which are less prone to crystallization. This process is called inversion. With a full belly, the worker bee heads back to the hive.
Once back in the hive, the worker bee then regurgitates the already modified nectar for one of the hive bees. The hive bee ingests the sugary offering and further breaks down the sugars. It then regurgitates the inverted nectar into a cell of the honeycomb. The hive bees then beat their wings furiously, fanning the nectar to evaporate its remaining water content. As the water evaporates, the sugars thicken into honey. Once the honey is finished, the hive bee caps the beeswax cell, sealing the honey into the honeycomb for later consumption.
A single worker bee produces only 1/12th of a teaspoon of honey in her lifetime. Working cooperatively, thousands of worker bees can produce over 200 pounds of honey for the colony within a year.
From: http://insects.about.com/od/antsbeeswasps/f/beesmakehoney.htm
Bee’s Eyes
Posted in Bee Law, Bee Present, Bee-ology on January 29, 2009| 6 Comments »
The bee’s eyes, like those of other insects, differ greatly from human eyes. They consist of a pair of compound eyes made up of numerous six-sided facets. They also have three simple eyes. Despite this, their vision is believed to be sharp for a distance of only about 1 m (3 ft.). The picture below highlights the three simple eyes as “Compound Eye” which is a mistake, I believe – but otherwise it is a good picture. The two, large, compound eyes are titled “Lens”.
Bees are capable of seeing ultraviolet light, which is invisible to humans. The bee is capable of navigating by ultraviolet light, which even penetrates cloud cover.
From: http://nature.ca/notebooks/english/bees.htm
Picture from: http://www.islamicmiraclestoday.com/honey-bee3/the-bees-eye.html
Midwinter Inspection
Posted in Bee Present, Beekeeping on January 11, 2009| 1 Comment »
Today it was 9 degrees Centigrade at 14.00 when I visited the bees for a mid-winter inspection. It was a lot warmer than the sub-zero temperatures we have have had for the past few weeks. One night we recorded -11 degrees Centigrade – the lowest temperature for about 19 years. Climate change perhaps. In any case, the bees called.
I was surprise that all six hives were still populated. On last year’s performance, I expected us to be down to five by now. Three hives had good food stocks. Three needed a bit of additional honey. Luckily we decided in August to keep all our honey for the bees – and not take it off – so I had one super full of honey left to give back to them. Somehow giving bees honey rather than feeding them syrup or candy felt much better – even if it meant that we have not had any honey from them this year.
Hawkhurst was the weakest – so she got four frames. This is the hive that I thought might have not managed the over-wintering. She is still weak – but the good news is that the queen was laying in August…..so there is hope that it will survive and prosper if we get a reasonable spring.
Harmony was also quite low – and got another four of the frames. She did not take enough feed in September – so will benefit from the extra stores.
Joy, Faith, and Prior’s Heath were all fine.
The one that surprised me was Grace (all blue hive). Although she had more than sufficient stores, she was the victim of raiding in the Autumn. She got two frames….but will need keeping an eye on as she is probably the most vulnerable. I am not sure how the bees decide which colony is worth raiding – but I don’t particularly want all the good honey being raided – even if it makes other hives stronger.
A good afternoon’s work. And so encouraging after last winter’s visits to good old Faith!
This intervention should be sufficient to get over the next six weeks.
In line with my naming convention, the swarms that over-winter get renamed as one of the virtues – so from now on:
Hawkhurst becomes Trust and Prior’s Heath becomes Patience.
So we now have, in order from left to right: Trust, Harmony, Joy, Faith, Grace & Patience which I think are a nice set of virtues for the start of 2009.
I wish all readers a happy and virtuous New Year to weather the uncertain times ahead!
How Do Swarms Find a New Home?
Posted in Bee Law, Bee Present, Bee-ology, Beekeeping on December 16, 2008| 2 Comments »
How a swarm locates a new nest site when less than 5% of the community know the way remains a mystery. Curious to find out how swarms cooperate and are guided to their new homes, Tom Seeley, a neurobiologist from Cornell University, and engineers Kevin Schultz and Kevin Passino from The Ohio State University teamed up to find out how swarms are guided to their new home and publish their findings on October 3rd 2008 in The Journal of Experimental Biology.
According to Schultz there are two theories on how swarms find the way. In the ‘subtle guide’ theory, a small number of scout bees, which had been involved in selecting the new nest site, guide the swarm by flying unobtrusively in its midst; near neighbours adjust their flight path to avoid colliding with the guides while more distant insects align themselves to the guides’ general direction. In the ‘streaker bee’ hypothesis, bees follow a few conspicuous guides that fly through the top half of the swarm at high speed. Passino and Seeley decided to film swarming bees with high-definition movie cameras to find out how they were directed to their final destination.
But filming diffuse swarms spread along a 12·m length with each individual on her own apparently random course is easier said than done. For a start you have to locate your camera somewhere along the swarm’s flight path, which is impossible to predict in most environments. The team overcame this problem by relocating to Appledore Island, which has virtually no high vegetation for swarms to settle on. By transporting large colonies of bees, complete with queen, to the island, the team could get the insects to swarm from a stake to the only available nesting site; a comfortable nesting box. Situating the camera on the most direct route between the two sites, the team successfully filmed several swarms’ chaotic progress at high resolution.
Back in Passino’s Ohio lab, Schultz began the painstaking task of analysing over 3500 frames from a swarm fly-by to build up a picture of the insects’ flight directions and vertical position. After months of bee-clicking, Schultz was able to find patterns in the insects’ progress. For example, bees in the top of the swarm tended to fly faster and generally aimed towards the nest, with bees concentrated in the middle third of the top layer showing the strongest preference to head towards the nest.
Schultz also admits that he was surprised at how random the bees’ trajectories were in the bottom half of the swarm, ‘they were going in every direction,’ he says, but the bees that were flying towards the new nest generally flew faster than bees that were heading in other directions; they appeared to latch onto the high-speed streakers. All of which suggests that the swarm was following high-speed streaker bees to their new location.
Swarm Coordinator, 2009
Posted in Bee Present, Beekeeping on December 13, 2008| Leave a Comment »
Last week we had the Annual General Meeting of our local branch of beekeepers (The Weald Branch, Kent, UK). The post for Swarm Coordinator came up – and I put my name forward and was voted in!
So all the hard work this year catching swarms might well turn into a walk in the park for 2009!
I am very interested to know anyone (worldwide) who has experience of effective swarm coordination in a local or regional area….I am sure that the whole thing could be done a lot better if we are more creative with the internet and mobile phone technology!
Please post away!
When it all started
Posted in Bee Lore, Bee Present, Bylaugh on November 1, 2008| 1 Comment »
What luck! My sister dug out my mother’s old photographs of the swarm that we had back in 1986. They are the original photos which start the Bylaugh storyline which is tagged as a separate part of this blook.
Here is the swarm on the fence after it had landed and before it was caught. What happy memories!
Canadian Commercial Bumblebees Spread Diseases to Their Wild Kin
Posted in Bee Present, Bee-ology, Beekeeping on October 2, 2008| 1 Comment »
The commercial bumblebees that are brought to greenhouses to pollinate some vegetables occasionally wander off the job, and researchers say the wayward bees that slip out into the fields are infecting their wild cousins with a nasty parasite. A new study says that parasite may be to blame for the recent decline in wild populations in North America and elsewhere [New Scientist].
Greenhouse growers bring in the bumblebees for tomatoes and other crops that need what’s called “buzz pollination,” a strong vibration that shakes loose the pollen. Honeybees don’t give the buzz, but bumblebees do [Science News]. In the study, published in the journal PLoS ONE, researchers observed several greenhouses in Canada, and saw bumblebees flying out of the greenhouses through vents. When commercial bees landed on flowers in the nearby fields, researchers say they left behind parasites that wild bees later picked up. They found that half of the wild bees living near the greenhouses were infected with the parasite, while those that lived farther away were disease-free.
The parasite of concern is Crithidia bombi, which is very common in commercial hives. The parasite robs bees of their ability to distinguish between flowers that contain nectar and those that don’t, [study coauthor Michael] Otterstatter said. For commercial bees fed by their owners, that skill isn’t important. For wild bees, its absence is deadly. “Infected bees make an incredible number of mistakes,” Otterstatter said. “They visit empty flowers again and again” as they slowly starve to death, he said [Bloomberg].
Although the C. bombi parasite doesn’t infect honeybees, whose plight has been in the news as scientists struggle to understand “colony collapse disorder,” researchers say it’s possible that a similar disease relationship exists between commerical and wild honeybees.
The news isn’t all grim for bumblebees: In Scotland, a group called the Bumblebee Conservation Trust has covered an empty field in wildflowers to create the world’s first bumblebee sanctuary. The project has already been an outstanding success, with hundreds of bumblebees buzzing from flower to flower. And to the delight of conservationists, one of the rarest species in the country – the blaeberry bumblebee – has set up home in the 20-acre meadow [The Scotsman].
Image: flickr/Clearly Ambiguous
Proverbs of Bees, Hives and Honey
Posted in Bee Law, Bee Lore, Bee Present, Bee-ology, Beekeeping, Beetwixt & Beetween on October 2, 2008| 2 Comments »
“As busy as a bee.”
“What is good for the swarm is not good for the bee.”
“Where there is honey, there are bees.”
“One bee is better than a handful of flies.”
“If you want to gather honey, don’t kick over the beehive.”
“Honey turns sour.”
“The diligence of the hive produces the wealth of honey.”
“A drop of honey will not sweeten the ocean.”
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The proverbs are from Insect Fact and Folklore , by Lucy W. Clausen. Published by Collier Books, N.Y., 1954.
List of Lores
Posted in Bee Lore, Bee Present, Beetwixt & Beetween on September 29, 2008| Leave a Comment »
For those interested, here is a great list of other Lores:
Bee Lore 