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Archive for the ‘Bee-ology’ Category

Extracted from New Scientist 16 August 2008

“Given a choice between two different flower beds, how can honeybees hunting for nectar be sure they’ve chosen the best patch?  A new computer model may provide the answer, as well as insights into the workings of a “hive mind” that could be used to guide swarms of robots.

To test this hypothesis, Ronald Thenius of the University of Graz in Austria built a computer simulation of a hive containing 5000 independent virtual bees.  Each forager started out visiting one of two different flower patches, but would switch destinations if it had to wait too long to be unloaded or was being serviced by too many receivers.

The idea that bees glean information from the number of unloadings is new, says Francis Rietnieks, a bee expert at the University of Sussex in the UK, but it needs to be verified in the field. “If their simulation suggests a novel means of information transfer, ideally they will devise a suitable experiment that can test the model’s predictions,” he says.

Thenius says the work could prove useful in controlling swarms of tiny robots for sensing and surveillance applications. Such robots could use a similar method of incidental communication to arrive at group decisions that could maximise resources. The system would be robust because it would rely on very simple observations, he notes.

The results, presented at the Artificial Life IX conference in Winchester, UK, last week were promising.  The virtual bees moved to the better nectar source at similar rates and in similar proportions to those observed for real bees.  “It’s like a new pub has opened with cheap beer: everyone’s trying to find it,” says Thenius. “The hive can gain up to 20 per cent more nectar this way.”

Full article at: http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/mg19926696.200-computer-model-of-bees-probes-the-hive-mind.html

Also from: http://www.clipmarks.com/clipmark/06C4E037-2CE5-4F6D-83F1-7E36BE29FF8E/

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Bees have devised a very effective method of communicating information about sources of food using a ROUND DANCE and a WAGGLE DANCE (or figure of eight). The dances do not appear to indicate the height of the food above ground level and in most cases this is not important since to a bee the source will be obvious.

Round Dance

This is used when the source of food (nectar or pollen) is less than 100 metres away. The bee dancing goes in a circle on the comb first one way, she turns round and then the other way round the circle. Food is passed from the dancing bee to those watching and following giving information about it’s taste and smell. The round dance does not appear to tell the bees in which direction to go to the food source just that the food “is close to the hive and tastes and smells like this”.

Waggle Dance

For food supplies more than 100 metres the waggle dance is used. The bee will run in a direction on the comb which indicates direction relative to the sun’s position. The bee uses the force of gravity (vertically downwards) as the position of the sun and if say the food is 30 ° to the left of the sun then the bee will dance 30 ° to the left of the vertical on the frame. Whilst the bee is indicating direction she waggles her body from side to side to indicate distance to the food source. The more waggles the closer the food source is to the hive.

The waggle dance gives both direction and distance to the food source and by tasting the food the bee knows what to look for.

From: http://www.cheshire-bka.co.uk/Beekeeping/beedance.php

 

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It’s now springtime here in Australia … my favourite time of the year.  Not that winter in Brisbane is too bad mind you – shirtsleeves weather for much of the time.
Anyway, springtime invariably brings strong memories of my childhood, growing up in a sleepy seaside suburb full of old timber houses that time forgot (mostly gentrified now and worth a million dollars).

Backyards full of citrus trees and vegetable patches. Trellises loaded with sweet peas and climbing beans. Wild patches at the bottom of the garden overgrown with lantana and canna lillies and bordered by rampant nasturtiums. Tumbledown chook sheds (chicken runs) and clumps of bananas and pawpaws.

It was a Huckleberry Finn type of growing up. We’d disappear from home after breakfast and reappear for dinner. Our days were filled with sailing, fishing, swimming, beachcombing, climbing cliffs, playing games in the parks, annoying neighbours and generally engaging in the sort of mischief that most small boys (and tomboys) get up to.

One of our occupational hazards in spring was bee sting. Bees were everywhere in our overgrown world of backyards, parks and beachside jungle. The clover sprang up in most gardens and footpaths – and of course we never wore shoes.

Everyday, one or other of us was down yowling and trying to pull the sting out of our foot without squeezing the poison sac attached to it (this was an intricate and hard earned skill). After that it was either a dunking in the water and some hobbling around or else a call for the universal remedy if we were within sight of home.

My memory of this was triggered a few days ago when a little kid down my street stepped on a bee on the footpath. His sister pulled out the sting and then went searching for something exotic in an aerosol can to spray on it. It reminded me of the gulf between now and then.

Back before automatic washing machines and washing powders with space age ingredients, we had boilers or coppers that contained very hot water and were ‘stirred’ with large wooden implements. Most shirts and sheets were white then of course and rarely made out of synthetic blends, so boiling the hell out of them and then wringing through manual devices like mangles was the order of the day. Wash sheds resembled medieval torture chambers.

There was one magic ingredient however that my grandmother added to the wash. It was called a blue bag. It was a small muslin wrapped bag of synthetic ultramarine and sodium bicarbonate. Ultramarine is a very blue, blue and strangely enough (probably because it absorbs yellow light) clothes came out fantastically white. Not that I cared much about that of course.

Its great magical use was on bee stings. Whenever the inevitable happened, one of our mothers or grandmothers would produce a wet blue bag, place it on the wound and … no more pain. None of us knew why of course, but we were grateful for this piece of passed down lore.

The other day as I watched the little fellow wriggling around while his sister was obviously rummaging around inside looking for some anti-sting product or other, I thought of my grandmother, always having to hand a simple product used everyday for washing and able to be deployed for other reasons. We’ve become a society of specialists – in needs and expectations.

Oh for the world of the generalist, analogue solutions, and grandmothers who were prescient when it came to the casualty needs of junior Huck Finns.

Kindly donated by Paul Holland from his blog at: http://erraticmusings.typepad.com/

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A funny cartoon about a more serious problem.  This time last year I had three hives.  Today I have one. 

Missing Honeybee Mystery

Found at: http://www.hive-mind.com/bee/blog/2007/04/beecalpyse-now.html

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Yes, their eyes are sensitive more to the blue end of the spectrum and into ultra violet. Flowers reflect large amounts of ultra violet light and to a bee will be very bright. Bees are totally red blind.

So they can see all the colours of the rainbow including UV, but not Red or IR.

I wonder what our world would look like if we were red blind?

Fact from: http://www.beeginners.info/

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An interesting experiment known as the SCHAFBERG experiment (named after the mountain) demonstrates the sophistication of bee navigation.  The only source of food for a colony of bees was put on the far side of a mountain, the bees could not fly over the mountain only around it. What direction would the bees indicate in their dancing?.  The answer was surprising, the bees indicated the direction exactly across the mountain at an angle they had never flown but had calculated in their head. The distance indication however, was for the long flight around the hill.

More at: http://www.beeginners.info/

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Extract from the New Yorker Magazine 1945:

“The breeding of the bee,” says a United States Department

of Agriculture bulletin on artificial insemination,

has always been handicapped by the fact that the queen

mates in the air with whatever drone she encounters.”

 ===============================================

 

When the air is wine and the wind is free 

and the morning sits on the lovely lea

and sunlight ripples on every tree

Then love-in-air is the thing for me

I’m a bee,

I’m a ravishing, rollicking, young queen bee,

That’s me.

I wish to state that I think it’s great,

Oh, it’s simply rare in the upper air,

It’s the place to pair

With a bee.

 

Let old geneticists plot and plan,

They’re stuffy people, to a man;

Let gossips whisper behind their fan.

(Oh, she does?

Buzz, buzz, buzz!)

My nuptial flight is sheer delight;

I’m a giddy girl who likes to swirl,

To fly and soar

And fly some more,

I’m a bee.

And I wish to state that I’ll always mate

With whatever drone I encounter.

 

There’s a kind of a wild and glad elation

In the natural way of insemination;

Who thinks that love is a handicap

Is a fuddydud and a common sap,

For I am a queen and I am a bee,

I’m devil-may-care and I’m fancy-free,

The test tube doesn’t appeal to me,

Not me,

I’m a bee.

And I’m here to state that I’ll always mate

With whatever drone I encounter.

 

Mares and cows. by calculating,

Improve themselves with loveless mating,

Let groundlings breed in the modern fashion,

I’ll stick to the air and the grand old passion;

I may be small and I’m just a bee

But I won’t have science improving me,

Not me,

I’m a bee.

On a day that’s fair with a wind that’s free,

Any old drone is a lad for me.

 

I’ve no flair for love moderne,

It’s far too studied, far too stern,

I’m just a bee—I’m wild, I’m free,

That’s me.

I can’t afford to be too choosy;

In every queen there’s a touch of floozy,

And it’s simply rare

In the upper air

And I wish to state

That I’ll always mate

With whatever drone I encounter.

 

Man is a fool for the latest movement,

He broods and broods on race improvement;

What boots it to improve a bee

If it means the end of ecstasy?

(He ought to be there

On a day that’s fair,

Oh, it’s simply rare.

For a bee.)

 

Man’s so wise he is growing foolish,

Some of his schemes are downright ghoulish;

He owns a bomb that’ll end creation

And he wants to change the sex relation,

He thinks that love is a handicap,

He’s a fuddydud, he’s a simple sap;

Man is a meddler, man’s a boob,

He looks for love in the depths of a tube,

His restless mind is forever ranging,

He thinks he’s advancing as long as he’s changing,

He cracks the atom, he racks his skull,

Man is meddlesome, man is dull,

Man is busy instead of idle,

Man is alarmingly suicidal,

Me, I am a bee.

 

I am a bee and I simply love it,

I am a bee and I’m darn glad of it,

I am a bee, I know about love:

You go upstairs, you go above,

You do not pause to dine or sup,

The sky won’t wait —it’s a long trip up;

You rise, you soar, you take the blue,

It’s you and me, kid, me and you,

It’s everything, it’s the nearest drone,

It’s never a thing that you find alone.

I’m a bee,

I’m free.

 

If any old farmer can keep and hive me,

Then any old drone may catch and wife me;

I’m sorry for creatures who cannot pair

On a gorgeous day in the upper air,

I’m sorry for cows that have to boast

Of affairs they’ve had by parcel post,

I’m sorry for a man with his plots and guile,

His test-tube manner, his test-tube smile;

I’ll multiply and I’ll increase

As I always have—by mere caprice;

For I am a queen and I am a bee,

I’m devil-may-care and I’m fancy-free,

Love-in-air is the thing for me,

Oh, it’s simply rare

In the beautiful air,

And I wish to state

That I’ll always mate

With whatever drone I encounter.

 =========================================== 

From: http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/beekeeping/ebwhite.htm

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During the construction of the Panama Canal, a Dr. W.E. Auginbaugh described an operation he witnessed.  A native Indian surgeon performed this surgery while chain smoking in a filthy environment. He sutured the injury by setting beetles on the open wound.  The beetles snapped their mandibles shut and sealed it acting like staples.   The Doctor then cut off the beetle’s heads, covered the wound in honey and finished by covering it all with wax.  The results were excellent!

From: http://luna.clubyachats.com/index.php/food-for-thought/honey.html

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Can be found at:

http://www.metacafe.com/watch/966650/john_cleese_and_rowan_atkinson_beekeeping/

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Then the veiled angel lit a match and put it into the can she was holding.  The “smoker” started smoking.  She squeezed a small contraption on the end of the can and smoke appeared from the nozzle.  She said at me in her low, chanting voice: “It reminds them of a forest fire and although they are drowsy, they will move away from the smoke and into the box”.  Very slowly, very gently she started puffing small bursts of smoke onto the bees so that they melted uphill into the box, just as honey might melt from a spoon into a jar – only against gravity!  Perhaps it was like honey would flow if you were pouring it in a spaceship – though I didn’t suppose that honey was a sensible food to take on a spaceship!  “We need to find the Queen”, she said.  After about ten minutes the medicine ball was down to the size of a football. It was then that she said “There she is!  Once the Queen is in the box the rest of the swarm will follow very quickly. The worker bees are in love with her smell.”  She was quite right! Once the Queen had been smoked into the box, it only took another few minutes before the last remaining bees moved much more quickly to follow her. Overall the exercise took about twenty minutes. Incredible, since the whole swarm had landed on the fence in about forty five seconds.

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